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public class SystemAction extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven{
    SystemModel sm = new SystemModel();
    private SystemService systemService;
    
    public String execute() throws Exception {
        System.out.println("in execute systemservice is "+systemService);
        systemService.TestSystemDAO();
        return SUCCESS;
    }

..setter..省略

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">
<beans>
		<bean id="systemAction" class="net.xx.control.action.SystemAction" singleton="false">
		<property name="systemService">
			<ref bean="userService"/>
		</property>
		</bean>
</beans>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE xwork PUBLIC "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork 1.0//EN" "http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-1.0.dtd">
<xwork>
	<include file="webwork-default.xml" />
	<package name="default" extends="webwork-default">
		<interceptors>
			<interceptor-stack name="modelParamsStack">
				<interceptor-ref name="params" />
				<interceptor-ref name="model-driven"/>
			</interceptor-stack>
		</interceptors>
	</package>
<include file="net\xx\control\config\webwork-user.xml"/>
</xwork>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE xwork PUBLIC "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork 1.0//EN" "http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-1.0.dtd">
<xwork>
 <package name="login" extends="webwork-default" namespace="/user">  
	<action name="login" class="net.xx.control.action.SystemAction">
			<result name="success" type="dispatcher">
				<param name="location">/index.jsp</param>
			</result>
			<result name="error" type="dispatcher">
				<param name="location">/login.jsp</param>
			</result>
		<interceptor-ref name="modelParamsStack"/>
	</action>
 </package> 
</xwork>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.4" 
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee 
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
	<servlet>
		<servlet-name>webwork</servlet-name>
		<servlet-class>
			com.opensymphony.webwork.dispatcher.ServletDispatcher
		</servlet-class>
		<init-param>
			<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
			<param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
		</init-param>
	<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
	</servlet>

	<servlet-mapping>
		<servlet-name>webwork</servlet-name>
		<url-pattern>*.action</url-pattern>
	</servlet-mapping>
<listener>
    <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>

	<context-param>
		<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
		<param-value>/WEB-INF/applicationContext*.xml</param-value>
	</context-param> 
	 	<filter> 
        <filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name> 
        <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class> 
	</filter> 

	<filter-mapping> 
        <filter-name>openSessionInViewFilter</filter-name> 
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> 
	</filter-mapping>
</web-app>

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import java.awt.BorderLayout;
import java.awt.Container;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JProgressBar;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;

public class ProgressSample
{
	static class BarThread extends Thread
	{
		private static int DELAY = 500;
		JProgressBar progressBar;

		public BarThread(JProgressBar bar)
		{
			progressBar = bar;
		}

		public void run()
		{
			int minimum = progressBar.getMinimum();
			int maximum = progressBar.getMaximum();
			Runnable runner = new Runnable()
			{
				public void run()
				{
					int value = progressBar.getValue();
					progressBar.setValue(value + 1);
				}
			};
			for (int i = minimum; i < maximum; i++)
			{
				try
				{
					SwingUtilities.invokeAndWait(runner);
					// Our task for each step is to just sleep
					Thread.sleep(DELAY);
				} catch (InterruptedException ignoredException)
				{
				} catch (InvocationTargetException ignoredException)
				{
				}
			}
		}
	}

	public static void main(String args[])
	{
		// Initialize
		final JProgressBar aJProgressBar = new JProgressBar(0, 100);
		final JButton aJButton = new JButton("Start");
		ActionListener actionListener = new ActionListener()
		{
			public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
			{
				aJButton.setEnabled(false);
				Thread stepper = new BarThread(aJProgressBar);
				stepper.start();
				
				whileThread wt = new whileThread();
				wt.start();
				try
				{
					wt.join();
				} catch (InterruptedException e1)
				{
					// TODO 自动生成 catch 块
					e1.printStackTrace();
				}
				JFrame newFrame = new JFrame("&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&");
				newFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
				newFrame.setLocation(500, 400);
				newFrame.setSize(300, 100);
				newFrame.show();
			}
		};
		aJButton.addActionListener(actionListener);
		JFrame theFrame = new JFrame("Progress Bars");
		theFrame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
		Container contentPane = theFrame.getContentPane();
		contentPane.add(aJProgressBar, BorderLayout.NORTH);
		contentPane.add(aJButton, BorderLayout.SOUTH);
		theFrame.setLocation(500, 200);
		theFrame.setSize(300, 100);
		theFrame.show();
	}
	
	
}
class whileThread extends Thread
{
	public void run()
	{
		int i =0;
		while(i < 1000000)
		{
			System.out.println(i++);
		}
	}
}

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public class Item {
  private Set<Bid> bids = new HashSet<Bid>();
}

public class Bid {
  private User bidder;
  private int amount;
}

    Bid currentMaxBid = itemDAO.getMaxBid(itemId);
    Item item = itemDAO.findById(itemId, true);
    if (currentMaxBid != null && bidAmount <= currentMaxBid.getAmount()) {
        throw new BizException("Bid too low.");
    }
    Bid newBid = new Bid(this, bidder, bidAmount);
    item.getBids().add(bid);
    itemDao.save(item);

public class Item {
  public Bid placeBid(User bidder, int bidAmount, Bid currentMaxBid) {
     if (currentMaxBid != null && bidAmount <= currentMaxBid.getAmount()) {
        throw new BizException("Bid too low.");
     }
     Bid newBid = new Bid(this, bidder, bidAmount);
     bids.add(newBid);
     return newBid;
  }
}

public class Item {
  private RichSet<Bid> bids = new DefaultRichSet<Bid>();
  public Bid placeBid(User bidder, int bidAmount) {
     Bid currentMaxBid = bids.max("amount");
     if (currentMaxBid != null && bidAmount <= currentMaxBid.getAmount()) {
        throw new BizException("Bid too low.");
     }
     Bid newBid = new Bid(this, bidder, bidAmount);
     bids.add(newBid);
     return newBid;
  }
}

public class ItemRepository {
  private RichList<Item> items
  public ItemRepository(RichList<Item> items) {
    this.items = items;
  }
}

public class ItemRepository {
  public void addItem(String name) {
    if (items.find("name").eq(name).size() > 0) {
       throw new BizException("name duplicated");
    }
    Item item = new Item(name);
    items.add(item);
    return item;
  }
}

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附带环境配置如下：

  环境配置如下: （jdk没有用 -server）

windows 2003 企业版 sp2

Intel(R) Xeon(R) 4 CPU 5130 @ 2.0GHz 4.00GB 内存

apache_2.2.8-win32-x86

mod_jk-apache-2.0.59

jdk-1_5_0_14-windows-i586-p.exe -client

Tomcat-6.0.16 + apr

server.xml

 
    <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-" maxThreads="2000" minSpareThreads="1000"/>
    

    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1" 
               connectionTimeout="2000" 
               redirectPort="8443"  enableLookups="false" 
			   acceptCount="5000" maxThreads="2000"/>

catalina.bat

set JAVA_OPTS=-Xms1400m -Xmx1400m -Djava.awt.headless=true

index.jsp (除了下面这些代码，还有200行html代码，没有一个图片)

<%
for(int i=0;i<1000;i++){
   request.setAttribute("key_"+i,"value_"+i);	
}


for(int i=0;i<100;i++){
   request.getSession().setAttribute("key_"+i,"value_"+i);	
}
%>
<br />
<%=request.getSession().getAttribute("key_0")%>
<%=request.getSession().getAttribute("key_0")%>
<%=request.getSession().getAttribute("key_0")%>
<%=request.getSession().getAttribute("key_0")%>
<%=request.getSession().getAttribute("key_0")%>
<%=request.getSession().getAttribute("key_0")%>

tomat 启动信息如下：

2008-5-6 17:54:52 org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init
信息: Loaded APR based Apache Tomcat Native library 1.1.10.
2008-5-6 17:54:52 org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener init
信息: APR capabilities: IPv6 [false], sendfile [true], accept filters [false], r
andom [true].
2008-5-6 17:54:52 org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol init
信息: Initializing Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-8080
2008-5-6 17:54:52 org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpAprProtocol init
信息: Initializing Coyote AJP/1.3 on ajp-30008
2008-5-6 17:54:52 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina load
信息: Initialization processed in 973 ms
2008-5-6 17:54:52 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService start
信息: Starting service Catalina
2008-5-6 17:54:52 org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine start
信息: Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/6.0.16
2008-5-6 17:54:52 org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11AprProtocol start
信息: Starting Coyote HTTP/1.1 on http-8080
2008-5-6 17:54:53 org.apache.coyote.ajp.AjpAprProtocol start
信息: Starting Coyote AJP/1.3 on ajp-30008
2008-5-6 17:54:53 org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina start
信息: Server startup in 310 ms

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

下面是测试结果：

tomcat + apache 测试结果:

D:\Apache2.2\bin>ab -n 10000 -c 800 http://127.0.0.1/index.jsp

Server Software:        Apache/2.2.4
Server Hostname:        127.0.0.1
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /index.jsp
Document Length:        41078 bytes

Concurrency Level:      800
Time taken for tests:   34.46875 seconds
Complete requests:      10000
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      413090000 bytes
HTML transferred:       410780000 bytes
Requests per second:    293.71 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       2723.750 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       3.405 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          11848.61 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0    0   1.8      0      15
Processing:    15 2034 3425.1    921   23265
Waiting:        0 2025 3423.8    921   23250
Total:         15 2034 3425.1    921   23265

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%    921
  66%   1343
  75%   1656
  80%   1875
  90%   5078
  95%   9421
  98%  15828
  99%  18171
 100%  23265 (longest request)

D:\Apache2.2\bin>ab -n 10000 -c 1000 http://127.0.0.1/index.jsp

Server Software:        Apache/2.2.4
Server Hostname:        127.0.0.1
Server Port:            80

Document Path:          /index.jsp
Document Length:        323 bytes

Concurrency Level:      1000
Time taken for tests:   24.265625 seconds
Complete requests:      10000
Failed requests:        3953
   (Connect: 0, Length: 3953, Exceptions: 0)
Write errors:           0
Non-2xx responses:      8686
Total transferred:      58651479 bytes
HTML transferred:       56541921 bytes
Requests per second:    412.11 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       2426.563 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       2.427 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          2360.38 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0    0   1.7      0      15
Processing:     0 1573 4416.4     31   23984
Waiting:        0 1563 4402.5     31   23984
Total:          0 1573 4416.5     31   23984

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%     31
  66%     62
  75%     62
  80%     62
  90%   7031
  95%  13234
  98%  18218
  99%  19859
 100%  23984 (longest request)

 tomcat 单独测试结果 (250并发会经常失败，200比较正常，偶尔有少量错误):

D:\Apache2.2\bin>ab -n 1000 -c 250 http://127.0.0.1:8080/index.jsp
This is ApacheBench, Version 2.0.40-dev <$Revision: 1.146 $> apache-2.0
Copyright 1996 Adam Twiss, Zeus Technology Ltd, http://www.zeustech.net/
Copyright 2006 The Apache Software Foundation, http://www.apache.org/

Benchmarking 127.0.0.1 (be patient)
Completed 100 requests
Send request failed!
Send request failed!
Send request failed!
Send request failed!
Send request failed!
Completed 200 requests
Send request failed!
apr_socket_recv: 远程主机强迫关闭了一个现有的连接。   (730054)
Total of 223 requests completed

D:\Apache2.2\bin>ab -n 1000 -c 250 http://127.0.0.1:8080/index.jsp

Server Software:        Apache-Coyote/1.1
Server Hostname:        127.0.0.1
Server Port:            8080

Document Path:          /index.jsp
Document Length:        41078 bytes

Concurrency Level:      250
Time taken for tests:   2.390625 seconds
Complete requests:      1000
Failed requests:        0
Write errors:           0
Total transferred:      41292000 bytes
HTML transferred:       41078000 bytes
Requests per second:    418.30 [#/sec] (mean)
Time per request:       597.656 [ms] (mean)
Time per request:       2.391 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests)
Transfer rate:          16867.56 [Kbytes/sec] received

Connection Times (ms)
              min  mean[+/-sd] median   max
Connect:        0    0   1.9      0      15
Processing:   109  575 314.1    515    1218
Waiting:       62  550 315.0    453    1156
Total:        109  575 314.1    515    1218

Percentage of the requests served within a certain time (ms)
  50%    515
  66%    609
  75%    921
  80%   1031
  90%   1062
  95%   1125
  98%   1140
  99%   1140
 100%   1218 (longest request)

单独测试tomcat基本上只能达到240+左右的并发，tomcat+apache 900+并发，如果是静态页面tomcat并发1000+没有任何问题。

tomcat基本上都保持在 20% - 45% 之间 ， 内存在 80M -- 600M +之间 ，根据并发和请求的大小，内存的变法比较明显，cpu基本保存在这里，apache占用的cpu基本上是在 15% - 40%。

因为JRockit收费，所以就没有测试。（主要是真实部署的时候会采用这些配置，收费的公司目前也不会购买！^_^）

不知道大家如何配置tomcat能并发1000左右 ？？？？？？？？

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package cn.com.lough.struts.action;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.util.Random;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.commons.lang.RandomStringUtils;

/**
 * MyEclipse Struts Creation date: 01-11-2007
 * 
 * XDoclet definition:
 * 
 * @struts.action validate="true"
 */
public class ValidatecodeAction extends Action {
	/*
	 * Generated Methods
	 */

	/**
	 * Method execute
	 * 
	 * @param mapping
	 * @param form
	 * @param request
	 * @param response
	 * @return ActionForward
	 */
	public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
			HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) {
		try {
			int width = 50;
			int height = 18;
			// 取得一个4位随机字母数字字符串
			String s = RandomStringUtils.random(4, true, true);

			// 保存入session,用于与用户的输入进行比较.
			// 注意比较完之后清除session.
			HttpSession session = request.getSession(true);
			session.setAttribute("validateCode", s);

			response.setContentType("images/jpeg");
			response.setHeader("Pragma", "No-cache");
			response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
			response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);

			ServletOutputStream out = response.getOutputStream();
			BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height,
					BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
			Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
			// 设定背景色
			g.setColor(getRandColor(200, 250));
			g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);

			// 设定字体
			Font mFont = new Font("Times New Roman", Font.BOLD, 18);// 设置字体
			g.setFont(mFont);

			// 画边框
			// g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
			// g.drawRect(0, 0, width - 1, height - 1);

			// 随机产生干扰线，使图象中的认证码不易被其它程序探测到
			g.setColor(getRandColor(160, 200));
			// 生成随机类
			Random random = new Random();
			for (int i = 0; i < 155; i++) {
				int x2 = random.nextInt(width);
				int y2 = random.nextInt(height);
				int x3 = random.nextInt(12);
				int y3 = random.nextInt(12);
				g.drawLine(x2, y2, x2 + x3, y2 + y3);
			}

			// 将认证码显示到图象中
			g.setColor(new Color(20 + random.nextInt(110), 20 + random
					.nextInt(110), 20 + random.nextInt(110)));

			g.drawString(s, 2, 16);

			// 图象生效
			g.dispose();
			// 输出图象到页面
			ImageIO.write((BufferedImage) image, "JPEG", out);
			out.close();
		} catch (Exception e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		return null;
	}

	private Color getRandColor(int fc, int bc) { // 给定范围获得随机颜色
		Random random = new Random();
		if (fc > 255)
			fc = 255;
		if (bc > 255)
			bc = 255;
		int r = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
		int g = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
		int b = fc + random.nextInt(bc - fc);
		return new Color(r, g, b);
	}
}


jsp页面的调用 
<html:img page="/validatecode.do" border="0" onclick="this.src='/validatecode.do'" alt="请输入此验证码，如看不清请点击刷新。" style="cursor:pointer" /> 

• 第二届网络工程师侠客行大会5月24日杭州举行
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<s:iterator value="acList" id="item" status="stat">
	<s:select name="reMap[%{#item.acUniqueId}]" list="pFormList" listKey="id" listValue="displayName" value="%{reMap[#item.acUniqueId]}" cssStyle="width:150px;font-size: 12px;">
	</s:select>
</s:iterator>

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package org.shan.student.form;

import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.apache.struts.action.ActionErrors;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMessage;
import org.shan.student.service.IDaoService;
import org.shan.student.util.Bean;

public class LookuserForm extends ActionForm {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

	protected IDaoService daoService;
	private String userName;
	private String userClass;
	private String passWord;
	private String id;

	public void setDaoService(IDaoService daoService) {
		this.daoService = daoService;
	}

	public ActionErrors validate(ActionMapping mapping,
			HttpServletRequest request) {
		ActionErrors errors = new ActionErrors();
		if (null == id || "".equals(id))
			errors.add("id", new ActionMessage("error.id"));
		else if (null == userName || "".equals(userName))
			errors.add("userName", new ActionMessage("error.username"));
		else if (null == passWord || "".equals(passWord))
			errors.add("passWord", new ActionMessage("error.password"));
		return errors;
	}

	public void reset(ActionMapping mapping, HttpServletRequest request) {
		String action = request.getParameter("action");
		Object id = request.getParameter("id");
		if (null != action) {
			Object o = daoService.getDataById("org.shan.student.vo.UserInfo",
					id);
			if (action.equals("del")) {
				daoService.delete(o);
			} else {
				Bean bean = new Bean();
				this.id = (String) bean.invoke("id", o);
				this.userName = (String) bean.invoke("userName", o);
				this.passWord = (String) bean.invoke("passWord", o);
				this.userClass = (String) bean.invoke("userClass", o);
				request.getSession().setAttribute("edit", "edit");
				return;
			}
		}
		List<?> list = daoService.getData("from UserInfo");
		request.getSession().setAttribute("list", list);
	}

	public String getUserName() {
		return userName;
	}

	public void setUserName(String userName) {
		this.userName = userName;
	}

	public String getUserClass() {
		return userClass;
	}

	public void setUserClass(String userClass) {
		this.userClass = userClass;
	}

	public String getPassWord() {
		return passWord;
	}

	public void setPassWord(String passWord) {
		this.passWord = passWord;
	}

	public String getId() {
		return id;
	}

	public void setId(String id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.3//EN" "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-config_1_3.dtd">

<struts-config>
	<form-beans>
		<form-bean name="loginForm"
			type="org.shan.student.form.LoginForm" />
		<form-bean name="editPassWordForm"
			type="org.shan.student.form.EditPassWordForm" />
		<form-bean name="addUserForm"
			type="org.shan.student.form.AddUserForm" />
		<form-bean name="lookuserForm"
			type="org.springframework.web.struts.SpringBindingActionForm" />
	</form-beans>

	<global-exceptions />
	<global-forwards />
	<action-mappings>
		<action attribute="loginForm" input="/login.jsp"
			name="loginForm" path="/login" scope="request"
			type="org.springframework.web.struts.DelegatingActionProxy">
			<forward name="student" path="/student.jsp" />
			<forward name="admin" path="/admin.jsp" />
		</action>
		<action attribute="editPassWordForm" input="/EditPassWord.jsp"
			name="editPassWordForm" path="/editPassWord" scope="request"
			type="org.springframework.web.struts.DelegatingActionProxy">
			<forward name="EditPassWord" path="/EditPassWord.jsp"
				redirect="true" />
		</action>
		<action attribute="addUserForm" input="/addUser.jsp"
			name="addUserForm" path="/addUser" scope="request"
			type="org.springframework.web.struts.DelegatingActionProxy">
			<forward name="addUser" path="/addUser.jsp" redirect="true" />
		</action>
		<action attribute="lookuserForm" input="/lookuser.jsp"
			name="lookuserForm" path="/lookuser" scope="request"
			type="org.springframework.web.struts.DelegatingActionProxy" />
	</action-mappings>

	<message-resources
		parameter="org.shan.student.action.ApplicationResources" />
	<plug-in
		className="org.springframework.web.struts.ContextLoaderPlugIn">
		<set-property property="contextConfigLocation"
			value="/WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml" />
	</plug-in>
</struts-config>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE beans PUBLIC "-//SPRING//DTD BEAN//EN" "http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd">

<beans>
	<bean id="datasource"
		class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
		<property name="driverClassName">
			<value>net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.Driver</value>
		</property>
		<property name="url">
			<value>jdbc:jtds:sqlserver://localhost:1433/Student</value>
		</property>
		<property name="username">
			<value>sa</value>
		</property>
	</bean>
	<bean id="SessionFactory"
		class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean">
		<property name="dataSource">
			<ref bean="datasource" />
		</property>
		<property name="hibernateProperties">
			<props>
				<prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
			</props>
		</property>
		<property name="mappingResources">
			<list>
				<value>org/shan/student/vo/Accounts.hbm.xml</value>
				<value>org/shan/student/vo/UserInfo.hbm.xml</value>
			</list>
		</property>
	</bean>
	<bean id="BaseDao" class="org.shan.student.dao.BaseDao"
		abstract="true">
		<property name="sessionFactory">
			<ref bean="SessionFactory" />
		</property>
	</bean>
	<bean id="DaoBean" class="org.shan.student.dao.impl.DaoBean"
		parent="BaseDao">
	</bean>
	<bean id="DaoService"
		class="org.shan.student.service.impl.DaoService">
		<property name="daoBean">
			<ref bean="DaoBean" />
		</property>
	</bean>
	<bean id="login" name="/login"
		class="org.shan.student.action.LoginAction">
		<property name="daoService">
			<ref bean="DaoService" />
		</property>
	</bean>
	<bean id="editPassWord" name="/editPassWord"
		class="org.shan.student.action.EditPassWordAction">
		<property name="daoService">
			<ref bean="DaoService" />
		</property>
	</bean>
	<bean id="addUser" name="/addUser"
		class="org.shan.student.action.AddUserAction">
		<property name="daoService">
			<ref bean="DaoService" />
		</property>
	</bean>
	<bean id="lookuser" name="/lookuser"
		class="org.shan.student.action.LookuserAction">
		<property name="daoService">
			<ref bean="DaoService" />
		</property>
	</bean>
	<bean id="lookuserForm" name="lookuserForm"
		class="org.shan.student.form.LookuserForm">
		<property name="daoService">
			<ref bean="DaoService" />
		</property>
	</bean>
</beans>

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Map<String, String>

String idValue = map.get("id");
if (idValue == null) {
  throw ...;
}
int id = Integer.parseInt(idValue);

String name = map.get("name");
if (name == null) {
  name = "";
}

String sexValue = map.get("sex");
if (sexValue == null) {
  throw ...;
}
Gender sex = Gender.valueOf(sexValue);
...

public final class PropertyConverter<T> {
  private final Class<T> targetType;
  
  private PropertyConverter(Class<T> targetType) {...}

  public static <T> PropertyConverter<T> to(Class<T> targetType) {
    return new PropertyConverter<T>(targetType);
  }

  public T from(final Map<String, String> map) {
    return Proxy.newProxyInstance(
      new Class[]{targetType}, targetType.getClassLoader(), new InvocationHandler() {
        public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) {
          String value = map.get(method.getName());
          if (value == null) {
            Object defaultValue = method.getDefaultValue();
            if (defaultValue == null) {
              throw ...;
            }
            return defaultValue;
          }
          return convert(value, method.getReturnType());
        }
    });
  }
}

@interface Foo {
  int id();
  String name() default "";
  Gender sex();
}

Map<String, String> map = ...;
Foo foo = PropertyConverter.to(Foo.class).from(map);
foo.id();
foo.name();

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public class Employee {
    private Set<Task> tasks = new HashSet<Task>();
}

public class Task {
    private String name;
    private Employee owner;
    private Date startTime;
    private Date endTime;
}

public class Employee {
    private Set<Task> tasks = new HashSet<Task>();
    public Set<Task> getProcessingTask() {
       ...
    }
}

public class TaskDAO {
   public Set<Task> getProcessingTasks(Employee employee) {
      ...//sql
   }
}

@Entity
public class Employee {
    @OneToMany
    private Set<Task> tasks = new HashSet<Task>();
    public Set<Task> getProcessingTask() {
       ...
    }
}

@Entity
@Configurable
public class Employee {
    private TaskDao dao;
    public Set<Task> getProcessingTask() {
        return dao.getProcessingTask(this);
    }
    public void setTaskDao(TaskDao dao) {
        this.dao = dao;
    }
}

public class Employee {
    private RichSet<Task> tasks = new DefaultRichSet<Task>();
    public RichSet<Task> getProcessingTasks() {
        return tasks.find("startTime").le(new Date()).find("endTime").isNull();
    }
...
}

public interface RichSet<T> extends Set<T> {
    Finder<RichSet<T>> find(String expression);
    int sum(String expression);
}

<hibernate-mapping default-access="field" package="net.sf.ferrum.example.domain">
    <class name="Employee">
        <tuplizer entity-mode="pojo" class="net.sf.ferrum.RichEntityTuplizer"/>
        <id name="id">
            <generator class="native"/>
        </id>
        <property name="name"/>
        <property name="salary"/>
        <many-to-one name="department"/>
        <set name="tasks" cascade="all" inverse="true" lazy="true">
            <key/>
            <one-to-many class="Task" />
        </set>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

public class RichEntityTuplizer extends PojoEntityTuplizer {
    public RichEntityTuplizer(EntityMetamodel entityMetamodel, PersistentClass mappedEntity) {
        super(entityMetamodel, mappedEntity);
    }

    protected Setter buildPropertySetter(final Property mappedProperty, PersistentClass mappedEntity) {
        final Setter setter = super.buildPropertySetter(mappedProperty, mappedEntity);
        if (!(mappedProperty.getValue() instanceof org.hibernate.mapping.Set)) {
            return setter;
        }
        return new Setter() {
            public void set(Object target, Object value, SessionFactoryImplementor factory) throws HibernateException {
                Object wrappedValue = value;
                if (value instanceof Set) {
                    HibernateRepository repository = new HibernateRepository();
                    repository.setSessionFactory(factory);
                    wrappedValue = new HibernateRichSet((Set) value, repository, getCriteria(mappedProperty, target));
                }
                setter.set(target, wrappedValue, factory);
            }

            public String getMethodName() {
                return setter.getMethodName();
            }

            public Method getMethod() {
                return setter.getMethod();
            }
        };
    }
}

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接上篇 hibernate入门使用系列 3-- 关系映射篇（中）



开我写的前3篇中，分别讲了one-to-one, one--to-many, many-to-one 。

这篇，主要讲的是 n：n 的关系。即：many-to-many。

我们以老师和学生为例，一个老师可以交很多学生，同样一个学生可以拥有多个老师，所以，他们之间的关系就是n：n的。

实体模型：



从实体模型来看。有2个对象，但是为了在数据库中表示出2者的n:n的关系，我们还得引入一张表。所以，sql脚本如下：

 use HibernateQuickUse;
drop table if exists teacher_student_relation;
drop table if exists Teacher;
drop table if exists Student;

create table Teacher (
	tid varchar(32) primary key,
	name varchar(32) not null
);

create table Student (
	sid varchar(32) primary key,
	name varchar(128) not null
);

create table teacher_student_relation (
	id integer auto_increment primary key,
	teacher_id varchar(32) not null,
	student_id varchar(32) not null,
	foreign key(teacher_id) references Teacher(tid),
	foreign key(student_id) references Student(sid)
);

通过模型，创建java类如下：

Student.java

package org.py.hib.relation.many2many;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * Student entity.
 */

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class Student implements java.io.Serializable
{
	private String id;

	private String name;

	private Set<Teacher> teachers = new HashSet<Teacher>(0);

	public Student()
	{
	}

	public String getId()
	{
		return this.id;
	}

	public void setId(String id)
	{
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName()
	{
		return this.name;
	}

	public void setName(String name)
	{
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Set<Teacher> getTeachers()
	{
		return teachers;
	}

	public void setTeachers(Set<Teacher> teachers)
	{
		this.teachers = teachers;
	}
}

Teacher.java:

package org.py.hib.relation.many2many;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * Teacher entity.
 */

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class Teacher implements java.io.Serializable
{
	private String id;

	private String name;

	private Set<Student> students = new HashSet<Student>(0);

	public Teacher()
	{
	}

	public String getId()
	{
		return this.id;
	}

	public void setId(String id)
	{
		this.id = id;
	}

	public String getName()
	{
		return this.name;
	}

	public void setName(String name)
	{
		this.name = name;
	}

	public Set<Student> getStudents()
	{
		return students;
	}

	public void setStudents(Set<Student> students)
	{
		this.students = students;
	}

}

xml映射文件如下

Student.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="org.py.hib.relation.many2many.Student"
		table="student">
		<id name="id" type="java.lang.String" column="sid" length="32">
			<generator class="uuid" />
		</id>

		<property name="name" type="java.lang.String" column="name"
			length="128" not-null="true" />

		<set name="teachers" table="teacher_student_relation" cascade="save-update" inverse="false">
			<key column="student_id" not-null="true" />

			<many-to-many column="teacher_id"
				class="org.py.hib.relation.many2many.Teacher" 
				/>
		</set>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

 注意：

 set中的 table 指向的是数据库中的关联表。

cascade 用的是save-update , 且inverse用的是false，这样的话，当进行修改和保存和删除时，关联表中的记录也会删掉.

如果cascade 用的是 all 那么连同student表中的记录也会被删除掉。

key中的column指的是： 关联表中与Student发生关系的字段。

而many-to-many中的column指的是：关联表中，与class(这里是：org.py.hib.relation.many2many.Teacher)发生关系的字段。

关于inverse，请参考上篇：hibernate入门使用系列 3-- 关系映射篇（中）

Teacher.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-mapping>
	<class name="org.py.hib.relation.many2many.Teacher"
		table="teacher">
		<id name="id" type="java.lang.String" column="tid"
			length="32">
			<generator class="uuid" />
		</id>

		<property name="name" type="java.lang.String" column="name"
			length="32" not-null="true" />

		<set name="students" table="teacher_student_relation" cascade="save-update"
			inverse="false">
			<key column="teacher_id" not-null="true" />
			<many-to-many class="org.py.hib.relation.many2many.Student"
				column="student_id" />
		</set>
	</class>
</hibernate-mapping>

  注意：

这里的inverse也采用了false，这样子的话，Teacher和Student都维护关系表中的关系。

测试类，Many2ManyTest.java

package org.py.hib.relation.many2many;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;

import junit.framework.Assert;
import junit.framework.TestCase;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;

public class Many2ManyTest extends TestCase
{
	private SessionFactory factory;

	@Before
	public void setUp() throws Exception
	{
		Configuration conf = new Configuration().configure();
		factory = conf.buildSessionFactory();
	}

	/**
	 * 测试添加
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public void testSave() throws Exception
	{
		System.out.println("\n=== test save ===");

		Teacher teacher1 = new Teacher();
		teacher1.setName("teacher_1");

		Teacher teacher2 = new Teacher();
		teacher2.setName("teacher_2");

		Student stu1 = new Student();
		stu1.setName("student_1");

		Student stu2 = new Student();
		stu2.setName("student_2");

		stu1.getTeachers().add(teacher1);
		stu1.getTeachers().add(teacher2);

		stu2.getTeachers().add(teacher2);
		teacher1.getStudents().add(stu2);

		Session session = null;
		Transaction tran = null;
		try
		{
			session = factory.openSession();
			tran = session.beginTransaction();

			session.save(stu1);
			session.save(stu2);
			tran.commit();

			Assert.assertNotNull(teacher1.getId());
			Assert.assertNotNull(teacher2.getId());

			Assert.assertNotNull(stu1.getId());
			Assert.assertNotNull(stu2.getId());

		} catch (Exception ex)
		{
			tran.rollback();
			throw ex;
		} finally
		{
			if (session != null)
			{
				try
				{
					session.close();
				} catch (Exception ex)
				{
					// nothing to do
				} finally
				{
					if (session != null)
						session = null;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 测试从Teacher查询
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public void testFindFromTeacher() throws Exception
	{
		System.out.println("\n=== test find from Teacher ===");
		Session session = null;
		try
		{
			session = factory.openSession();
			Iterator<Teacher> iter = session.createQuery("from Teacher").iterate();
			while (iter.hasNext())
			{
				Teacher teacher = iter.next();
				Assert.assertNotNull(teacher.getId());
				String teacherName = teacher.getName();
				if ("teacher_1".equals(teacherName))
				{
					Set<Student> stus = teacher.getStudents();
					Assert.assertEquals(stus.size(), 2);
					for (Student stu : stus)
					{
						String stuName = stu.getName();
						Assert.assertNotNull(stu.getId());
						Assert.assertTrue(stuName.equals("student_1") || stuName.equals("student_2"));
					}
				} else if ("teacher_2".equals(teacherName))
				{
					Set<Student> stus = teacher.getStudents();
					Assert.assertEquals(stus.size(), 2);

					for (Student stu : stus)
					{
						String stuName = stu.getName();
						Assert.assertNotNull(stu.getId());
						Assert.assertTrue(stuName.equals("student_1") || stuName.equals("student_2"));
					}
				} else
				{
					throw new Exception("teacher name error exception.");
				}
			}
		} catch (Exception ex)
		{
			throw ex;
		} finally
		{
			if (session != null)
			{
				try
				{
					session.close();
				} catch (Exception ex)
				{
					// nothing to do
				} finally
				{
					if (session != null)
						session = null;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 测试从Student查询
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	public void testFindFromStudent() throws Exception
	{
		System.out.println("\n=== test find from Student ===");
		Session session = null;
		try
		{
			session = factory.openSession();
			Iterator<Student> iter = session.createQuery("from Student").iterate();
			while (iter.hasNext())
			{
				Student stu = iter.next();
				Assert.assertNotNull(stu.getId());
				String stuName = stu.getName();
				if ("student_1".equals(stuName))
				{
					Set<Teacher> teachers = stu.getTeachers();
					Assert.assertEquals(teachers.size(), 2);
					for (Teacher teacher : teachers)
					{
						String tName = teacher.getName();
						Assert.assertNotNull(teacher.getId());
						Assert.assertTrue(tName.equals("teacher_1") || tName.equals("teacher_2"));
					}
				} else if ("student_2".equals(stuName))
				{
					Set<Teacher> teachers = stu.getTeachers();
					Assert.assertEquals(teachers.size(), 2);
					for (Teacher teacher : teachers)
					{
						String tName = teacher.getName();
						Assert.assertNotNull(teacher.getId());
						Assert.assertTrue(tName.equals("teacher_1") || tName.equals("teacher_2"));
					}
				} else
				{
					throw new Exception("student name error exception.");
				}
			}
		} catch (Exception ex)
		{
			throw ex;
		} finally
		{
			if (session != null)
			{
				try
				{
					session.close();
				} catch (Exception ex)
				{
					// nothing to do
				} finally
				{
					if (session != null)
						session = null;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 测试修改
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public void testModify() throws Exception
	{
		System.out.println("\n=== test modify ===");
		Session session = null;
		Transaction tran = null;
		try
		{
			session = factory.openSession();
			tran = session.beginTransaction();

			Teacher t1 = (Teacher) session.createQuery("from Teacher t where t.name='teacher_1'").list().get(0);
			t1.setName("new_teacher_1"); // 修改用户名 = m_name2.（原来用户名= m_name）

			Set<Student> stus = t1.getStudents();
			for (Student stu : stus)
			{
				if (stu.getName().equals("student_1"))
				{
					stus.remove(stu);
					break;
				}
			}

			tran.commit();

		} catch (Exception ex)
		{
			throw ex;
		} finally
		{
			if (session != null)
			{
				try
				{
					session.close();
				} catch (Exception ex)
				{
					// nothing to do
				} finally
				{
					if (session != null)
						session = null;
				}
			}
		}

		/*
		 * 修改后再查询
		 */
		System.out.println("\n=== test find from Teacher after modify===");
		try
		{
			session = factory.openSession();
			Iterator<Teacher> iter = session.createQuery("from Teacher").iterate();
			while (iter.hasNext())
			{
				Teacher teacher = iter.next();
				Assert.assertNotNull(teacher.getId());
				String teacherName = teacher.getName();
				if ("new_teacher_1".equals(teacherName))
				{
					Set<Student> stus = teacher.getStudents();
					Assert.assertEquals(stus.size(), 1);
					for (Student stu : stus)
					{
						String stuName = stu.getName();
						Assert.assertNotNull(stu.getId());
						Assert.assertTrue(stuName.equals("student_2"));
					}
				} else if ("teacher_2".equals(teacherName))
				{
					Set<Student> stus = teacher.getStudents();
					Assert.assertEquals(stus.size(), 2);

					for (Student stu : stus)
					{
						String stuName = stu.getName();
						Assert.assertNotNull(stu.getId());
						Assert.assertTrue(stuName.equals("student_1") || stuName.equals("student_2"));
					}
				} else
				{
					throw new Exception("teacher name error exception.");
				}
			}
		} catch (Exception ex)
		{
			throw ex;
		} finally
		{
			if (session != null)
			{
				try
				{
					session.close();
				} catch (Exception ex)
				{
					// nothing to do
				} finally
				{
					if (session != null)
						session = null;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 测试删除
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	public void testDelete() throws Exception
	{
		System.out.println("\n=== test delete ===");
		Session session = null;
		Transaction tran = null;
		try
		{
			session = factory.openSession();
			tran = session.beginTransaction();

			Iterator<Teacher> iter = session.createQuery("from Teacher").iterate();
			while (iter.hasNext())
				session.delete(iter.next());

			tran.commit();

			Integer count = (Integer) session.createQuery("select count(*) from Teacher").list().get(0);
			Assert.assertEquals(0, count.intValue());

		} catch (Exception ex)
		{
			throw ex;
		} finally
		{
			if (session != null)
			{
				try
				{
					session.close();
				} catch (Exception ex)
				{
					// nothing to do
				} finally
				{
					if (session != null)
						session = null;
				}
			}
		}

		/*
		 * 删除后再查询
		 */
		System.out.println("\n=== test find after delete ===");
		try
		{
			session = factory.openSession();

			Integer num = (Integer) session.createQuery("from Father").list().size();
			Assert.assertEquals(0, num.intValue());

			num = (Integer) session.createQuery("from Child").list().size();
			Assert.assertEquals(0, num.intValue());

		} catch (Exception ex)
		{
			throw ex;
		} finally
		{
			if (session != null)
			{
				try
				{
					session.close();
				} catch (Exception ex)
				{
					// nothing to do
				} finally
				{
					if (session != null)
						session = null;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	/**
	 * 
	 */
	@After
	public void tearDown() throws Exception
	{
		factory.close();
	}

}

从这个例子中可以看出，many-to-many中，需要引入第3张表来表示关系。

附件中有源代码。

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public static String[][] proterty2Column = 
	    {{"member_id","memberId"},		
		{"name", "name"}};
	/**
	 * change the first char to upper case
	 * @param s
	 * @return
	 */
	private static String upperFirstChar(String s){
		char [] chars = s.toCharArray();
		chars[0] = Character.toUpperCase(chars[0]);
		return new String(chars);
	}
	/**
* ResultSet 映射成 Object
	 * @param clzz
	 * @param rs 
	 * @param obj
	 * @param fieldName
	 * @param varibleName
	 * @throws NoSuchMethodException
	 * @throws IllegalAccessException
	 * @throws InvocationTargetException
	 * @throws SQLException
	 * @throws NoSuchFieldException 
	 * @throws SecurityException 
	 */
    private void  mapResultSet2Object(ResultSet rs, Object obj, String propertyName,
 String columName) 
throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, 
InvocationTargetException, SQLException, 
SecurityException, NoSuchFieldException {
    	 Class < ? extends Object >clazz = obj.getClass();
         Class < ? extends Object >propertyType = clazz.getDeclaredField(propertyName).
getType();
       Method method = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("set"+ 
     upperFirstChar( propertyName ), new Class[] { propertyType });
       if (propertyType == String.class)
           method.invoke(obj, (Object [])new String[] 
{rs.getString( columName ) });
       else if (propertyType == int.class)
           method.invoke(obj, (Object [])new Integer[] 
{new Integer( rs.getInt( columName )) });
       else if (propertyType == float.class)
           method.invoke(obj, (Object [])new Float[] 
{new Float( rs.getFloat( columName )) });
       else if (propertyType == long.class)
           method.invoke(obj, (Object [])new Long[]
 {new Long( rs.getLong( columName )) });
       else if (propertyType == double.class)
           method.invoke(obj, (Object [])new Double[] 
{new Double( rs.getDouble( columName )) });
       else if(propertyType == Date.class){
    	   method.invoke(obj, (Object [])new Date[] 
{rs.getDate(columName)});
       }
   }
    /**
     * 单行查询
     * @param 
     * @param conn
     * @param sql
     * @param clazz
     * @param params
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public  <T> T getItem(Connection conn, String sql, Class<T> clazz, 
  String params[])throws Exception{
    	PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
    	ResultSet rset = null;
    	T t  = null;
    	try {
    		pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
    		//set parameter 
               for(int i=0; i<params.length; i++){
    			pstmt.setString(i+1, (String)params[i]);
    		}
              rset = pstmt.executeQuery();
            if (rset.next()) {
                t =  clazz.newInstance();
    		for(int i=0; i< proterty2Column.length; i++) {
                	String propertyName = proterty2Column[i][1].trim();
                    String ColumnName = proterty2Column[i][0].trim();
                    mapResultSet2Object(rset, t, propertyName, ColumnName);
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
        	e.printStackTrace();
	    } finally {
	        DBUtil.closeAll(conn, pstmt, rset);
	    }
     return t;
    }

   /**
     * 多行查询
     * @param 
     * @param conn
     * @param sql
     * @param proterty2Column
     * @param clazz
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public   <T> List <T> getItems(Connection conn, String sql, Class<T> clazz,  
String[] params) throws Exception{
    	if (proterty2Column.length == 0)
            return null;
    	PreparedStatement pstmt = null;
    	ResultSet rset = null;
    	List<T> list = new ArrayList<T>();
    	try {
    		pstmt = conn.prepareStatement(sql);
               for(int i=0; i<params.length; i++){
    			pstmt.setString(i+1, (String)params[i]);
    		}
    		rset = pstmt.executeQuery();
            while (rset.next()) {
    		for(int i=0; i< proterty2Column.length; i++) {
                	String propertyName = proterty2Column[i][1].trim();
                    String ColumnName = proterty2Column[i][0].trim();
                    fetchResult2Object(rset, obj, propertyName, ColumnName);
                }
                if( null == obj ) continue;
                list.add(obj);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
        	e.printStackTrace();
	    } finally {
	        DBUtil.closeAll(conn, pstmt, rset);
	    }
     return list;
    }

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public class Person {   
 public property String forename;   
 public property int age;   
} 

class Person(@BeanProperty var forename:String,@BeanProperty var age:Int)

import scala.collection.mutable.HashMap
object MapAccess extends Application{
    var map =new HashMap[Int,String]
    map(0) ="Zero"
    map += 1 -> "One"
    map += 2 -> "Two"
    var value =map(2)
    println(value)
}

class String
  def print_self
    puts self
  end
end

"Daniel Spiewak".print_self    # prints my name

object StringTest extends Application{
    
    "Eastsun".printSelf         //对String调用printSelf方法
    
    implicit def stringWrapper(s:String) =new {
        def printSelf = println(s)
    }
}

object MatchTest extends Application{
    
    test("hello")
    
    def test(obj:Any):Unit = obj match{
        case 1|2|3|4 => println("A integer between 1 and 4")
        case "hello" => println("Hi")
        case _       => println("something else")
    }
}

import scala.collection.mutable.HashMap
object TypeTest extends Application{
    type ISMap =HashMap[Int,String]
    var map =new ISMap
    map(1) ="One"
}

import java.io.IOException
object ExceptionCatch extends Application{
    
    exceptionCatch(ioexceptionThrow)
    
    def ioexceptionThrow():Unit = throw new IOException
    
    def exceptionCatch(func:()=>Unit) =
        try{
            func()
        }catch{
            case _:IllegalArgumentException|_:IllegalStateException => println("RuntimeException")
            case _:IOException => println("IOException")
            case _             => println("Something else")
        }
}

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     <s:if test="${not empty param.kindId}">
     document.getElementById("kindId").value =${param.kindId};
     </s:if>

javax.servlet.ServletException: org.apache.jasper.JasperException: /module/basic_manage/user_show.jsp(85,5) According to TLD or attribute directive in tag file, attribute test does not accept any expressions

    <attribute>
      <name>test</name>
      <required>true</required>
      <rtexprvalue>true</rtexprvalue>
      <description><![CDATA[Expression to determine if body of tag is to be displayed]]></description>
    </attribute>

    <attribute>
      <name>test</name>
      <required>true</required>
      <rtexprvalue>false</rtexprvalue>
      <description><![CDATA[Expression to determine if body of tag is to be displayed]]></description>
    </attribute>

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